Thrombosis: the key to avoid the formation of blood clots

La Enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETV) está constituida por dos patologías principales: la trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) y la tromboembolia pulmonar (TEP). Si bien, es la enfermedad vascular menos conocida, su impacto es muy alto, situándose en el tercer puesto del ranking de muertes a nivel mundial, luego del infarto Agudo Miocardio y el accidente cerebrovascular.

It is estimated that about 60.000 people in Argentina suffer a venous thromboembolism (TEV) per year.Approximately 48.000 of them manifest as deep vein thrombosis (TVP) and about 15.000 people develop a pulmonary thromboembolism (TEP or pulmonary embolism).Taking into account that the TEP mortality rate is up to 30%, this translates into about 4.500 deaths per year.

TVP is a condition in which a blood clot forms in a body vein.These clots usually occur in the veins of the legs, but it can happen can also be generated in the arms or other parts.If the clot detaches, it could move to the lungs, impacting them, generating a potentially fatal picture, called pulmonary thromboembolism (TEP).

Symptoms and risk factors

TVP symptoms include: pain, tension, swelling, redness and heat on the affected site, and in the case of TEP: lack of air (dyspnea) of sudden appearance, in a context of predisposition.

However, the patient may have no symptoms of the condition.For this reason, it is key to prevention, above all, in those people who have increased risk of suffering TVP, among which we will name:

● People over 60 years.

● Having been at rest for a long period: when recovering from surgery, if the fracture of a bone was suffered, a prolonged trip, if in bed is in bed a long time, among other situations.

● Be prone to the formation of blood clots or have had an earlier TVP.

● Have a central venous catheter.

● During pregnancy and the first 6 weeks after childbirth.

● Have obesity.

● suffering oncological diseases.

● Oral contraception or hormonal therapy.

The aforementioned predisposing factors do not mean that the disease will be suffered, but that you have to be more attentive in these situations to seek medical advice to any related symptoms.

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"Approximately 10% of deaths in hospitalized patients occur by TEP and is the first cause of preventable death in the hospitalized patient.An important proportion of deaths occur in the early hours from the appearance of symptoms, before anticoagulant treatment can take effect, "says Dr. Valeria el Haj.

Recommendations for Prevention

Dr. Haj emphasizes the importance of taking measures to reduce the risk of an episode of thrombosis such as:

● Retomar movement as soon as possible after surgery or disease, according to the doctor's recommendation, since moving reduces the chances of forming clots.

● Exercise the calf muscles during long trips or long hours of rest or physical inactivity in front of the computer, or in their usual daily work.

● If you have swelling, pain, numbness, or color change either of the upper or lower member consult your doctor.

● If you are going to be operated or admitted for any reason, consult your doctor on the convenience of receiving prevention in the PRE or postoperative.

● If in your direct family there is a history of thrombosis, do not forget to let your doctor know and advise you how to protect yourself.

● mobilizing and hydrating are two tools that also help prevent thrombosis.

TREATMENT

TVP is treated with medications that prevent the clot being and move to the lung.These medications are called "anticoagulants" and the treatment begins in the hospital.

"If you have had a clot, your doctor will prescribe 1 of these medications to reduce your risk of having more clots in the future.You must take the medication for at least 3 months (and sometimes more).Some people are first administered a medication that comes in the form of injection, called heparin.This could be for a few days or more if for some reason the patient cannot take pills, "says Dra.And he adds that: "It is important.

It is possible to prevent coagulous formation

As we said, prolonged rest is an important factor.For example, people traveling on long flights have a greater risk of having blood clots.Some recommendations for those moments and everyday life to prevent coagulous formation are:

● Watch and walk every 1 or 2 hours.

● Do not smoke just before your trip.

● Wear baggy and comfortable clothes.

● Change position while sitting and moving legs and feet often.

● Use compression stockings to the knee.

"From the medical community and the health system as a whole, strategies must be optimized to ensure the best practices for prevention, diagnosis and treatment, and have the necessary resources to specify these initiatives in order to reduce the burden of morbidity andMortality of venous thromboembolic disease, "concludes Dr. Valeria el Haj.